Framing squares are essential carpentry tools used for measuring, marking, and checking right angles. Also known as carpenter’s squares or steel squares, they allow carpenters to accurately lay out square corners, ensure walls are straight, cut rafters and stairs, and much more.
For anyone working on carpentry projects off-grid without access to powered tools, a good framing square is indispensable. This article will cover the history and purpose of framing squares, examine modern options as well as historical alternatives used before modern standardized tools, and provide tips on maintaining squares for decades of use.
What is a Framing Square and Why is it Important?
A framing square consists of two arms – a wider “blade” and a narrower “tongue” – joined together at an exact 90-degree right angle. Most models have useful markings engraved on them, including measurements in inches and centimeters, protractors for measuring angles, rafter tables for roof work, and more.
Framing squares allow carpenters to establish an accurate 90-degree reference point anytime one is needed. This is extremely important in carpentry work for:
- Laying out foundation lines that form square corners
- Ensuring wall framing is square and straight as the structure goes up
- Cutting rafters and stair stringers at precise angles
- Checking for square on-floor decking, wall sheathing, and more
Without a good square as a reference, it becomes nearly impossible to construct square corners or components. Throughout a build, even small errors can compound into major problems. Framing squares solve this by providing carpenters with a reliable, portable 90-degree angle tool.
Need To Know What Other Rugged Off-Grid Wood Working Tools To Get?
Modern Framing Squares
Today, most framing squares sold are made from aluminum or stainless steel. These modern squares are very durable, lightweight, and weather-resistant:Aluminum Framing Squares
- Lightweight and easy to carry in a pouch or belt holster
- Long-lasting with engraved, painted, or laser-etched markings
- Resist rust and handle tough job site conditions
- Models from Empire, Swanson, Johnson Level, and Milwaukee are excellent
Stainless Steel Framing Squares
- Very durable against dings, dents, and wear
- Corrosion and rust resistant
- Markings are etched or stamped so they can’t wear off
- Heavier than aluminum but still portable
- Models from Empire, Swanson, Johnson Level, and Lufkin are top choices
Many modern squares also have special features like extension tongues, adjustable slides, multiple scales, or built-in rafter tables. Higher-end models from name brands can be an investment, but also last for years of hard use.
Historical Alternatives
Before the mass production of standardized modern framing squares, carpenters had to rely on a variety of alternative tools to lay out square lines: Wood Squares
- Simple L-shaped squares carved out of straight wood planks
- Accurate right angles achieved through geometrical techniques
- Had to be protected from warping and seasonal wood movement
Iron Squares
- Blacksmith-forged right-angle tools made from iron
- Heavy but retained shape and right angle in all conditions
String Lines
- Layout is done using knotted string lines and wooden stakes
- Required knowledge of geometrical techniques like the 3-4-5 triangle
Plumb Bobs
- Plumb lines established vertical reference points
- Horizontal lines created by swinging arcs and marking intersecting points
While still used in some applications today, these historical alternatives required a lot more skill and effort to create square layouts. Modern standardized framing squares offer vastly superior accuracy and convenience.
Maintaining Your Framing Square
Framing squares are meant for tough use, but they still require some basic care for longevity: Cleaning
- Wire brush to remove dirt, grime, glue, and other buildup
- Wipe down with a solvent like mineral spirits after brushing
- For stuck-on glue or foam, use a plastic scraper to gently pry off
- Avoid abrasives like sandpaper that can wear down critical markings
Oiling
- Keep metal squares lubricated with a light oil like WD-40
- Helps prevent rust and keeps slides and hinges moving freely
Storage
- Store indoors or in a weather-proof box when not being used
- Avoid letting it sit in standing water or leaving it out overnight
- Hang up or keep in a protected pouch to prevent dings and dents
Straightening
- Check frequently for squareness using the flip-flop method
- Carefully tweak back into shape if arms shift slightly over time
- For major damage, a full re-calibration by a professional may be required
Replacement
- Budget for a replacement every 5-10 years with regular use
- Consider passing down well-maintained squares to apprentices
With proper care, a high-quality framing square should last for many years even with regular heavy use. Paying attention to cleaning, lubricating, straightening, and storage will ensure it’s always ready for reliable service.
Conclusion
For carpenters working on off-grid construction projects without powered tools, a durable and accurate framing square is mandatory equipment. Laying out perfect 90-degree reference angles is the first step toward high-quality, long-lasting woodworking and framing.
While historical carpenters relied on crude alternatives like wood squares and string lines, modern aluminum and steel squares offer vastly improved consistency and convenience. Top brands like Empire, Swanson, Milwaukee, and Lufkin have models built to handle tough job site conditions.
And with basic care and maintenance – keeping them clean, lubricated, protected, and checked for squareness – a pro-grade framing square will serve faithfully for many years. They represent a small investment that pays back huge dividends in speed, accuracy, and quality of work.
